Diabetic ketoacidosis

 

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Explained

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones due to a lack of insulin. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose.

DKA is most commonly seen in people with type 1 diabetes, but it can also occur in people with type 2 diabetes. It can be triggered by illness, infection, or other stressors that cause the body to produce more stress hormones, which can interfere with insulin production.

The symptoms of DKA can include:

• High blood sugar levels
• Excessive thirst and urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Rapid breathing
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Fruity-smelling breath
• Weakness or fatigue

If left untreated, DKA can lead to coma or even death. Treatment typically involves administration of insulin to lower blood sugar levels, fluids and electrolytes to replace those lost due to excessive urination and vomiting, and correction of any underlying illness or infection.

It is important for people with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of DKA. In addition, maintaining good blood sugar control through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and appropriate medication management can help prevent DKA and other diabetes complications.